The PUFA Predicament: A Look Into Healthy Fats

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November 3, 2023

At Miller's Bio Farm, our commitment to health and wellness drives us to delve deeply into the intricacies of every ingredient and nutrient. We value the trust our customers place in us and continuously strive to stay ahead of emerging health topics. Recently, our curiosity led us to explore the world of PUFAs. After all, many of our customers SHOP WITH MILLER'S because they're seeking low or virtually no PUFA diets.

We wanted to understand: What exactly are PUFAs? Why have they garnered attention in the health community? And most crucially, how might they affect our overall well-being?

What are PUFAs?

PUFAs, or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, are a type of fat molecule composed of more than one double bond in their backbone. They are commonly found in many foods, especially vegetable oils like soybean, sunflower, and corn oils. PUFAs are further classified into two main types: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. While these fats are essential for our body in certain amounts (since our body can't produce them on its own), the modern Western diet has a disheartening imbalance of these fats, which can have potential health consequences.

Who is Dr. Ray Peat and What Did He Discover about PUFAs?

Enter Dr. Ray Peat, a brilliant scientist and researcher who has dedicated a significant portion of his career to understanding the effects of various nutrients on our health. According to Dr. Peat, PUFAs, when consumed in excess, can have a multitude of negative effects on our health. One of his primary concerns about high PUFA intake relates to their instability when exposed to heat, light, and oxygen, leading them to oxidize easily. When consumed, these oxidized fats can cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the body, potentially contributing to various diseases.

Moreover, Dr. Peat found that excessive PUFA intake could suppress the thyroid function, slowing down our metabolism and potentially leading to various health issues like decreased energy, weight gain, and more.

The PUFA Problem: Why is it Harmful?

The problems with PUFAs, as pointed out by Dr. Ray Peat and validated by various studies, include:

Inflammation: PUFAs can lead to an increased production of pro-inflammatory molecules, thus promoting inflammation in the body.
Oxidative Stress: Given their instability, PUFAs easily undergo oxidation, producing harmful compounds that can damage cells and DNA.
Thyroid Suppression: High PUFA intake can interfere with thyroid function, which plays a crucial role in metabolism, energy production, and overall health.
Potential Link to Diseases: Excessive PUFA consumption might be linked to a higher risk of various diseases, including heart diseases, certain cancers, and more.

The PUFA Connection: Implications for Disease Progression and Autoimmune Conditions

The potential links between high PUFA intake and various health concerns raise pressing questions about the long-term consequences of our dietary choices. Particularly, does a diet abundant in PUFAs amplify the risk for certain diseases or even exacerbate autoimmune conditions?

Autoimmune Conditions and PUFAs: Autoimmune diseases arise when our immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in our body. Factors contributing to these conditions are multifaceted and include genetics, environmental triggers, and possibly diet. Some studies suggest that a higher intake of omega-6 PUFAs can enhance inflammation, which plays a significant role in many autoimmune diseases. By potentially amplifying inflammatory responses, a high PUFA diet may exacerbate symptoms in individuals predisposed to or already diagnosed with autoimmune conditions.

PUFA and Disease Magnification: Beyond autoimmune conditions, a diet consistently high in PUFAs may accentuate risks for other diseases. As PUFAs can promote inflammation and oxidative stress, two pivotal factors in the development of many chronic diseases, individuals regularly consuming high amounts of these fats may find themselves at an elevated risk. This includes but isn't limited to heart diseases and certain types of cancers.

Understanding PUFA-free Foods:

When we say a food is "PUFA-free", we're indicating that it contains negligible or no polyunsaturated fatty acids. Remember, fats in foods are usually a combination of different types of fatty acids: saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated (PUFAs). No natural food is entirely devoid of a particular type of fat, but some foods have such minuscule amounts of PUFAs that they can be effectively considered "PUFA-free" for dietary purposes.

Why Seek PUFA-free Foods?

There's a growing interest in PUFA-free or low-PUFA diets due to concerns about the potential negative health implications of consuming excessive PUFAs. As previously mentioned, excessive PUFA consumption may contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and other health issues. Additionally, many PUFAs, especially those in processed vegetable oils, can be easily oxidized, forming harmful compounds when exposed to heat, light, or air.

Examples of Foods that are Virtually PUFA-free:

At Miller's Bio Farm, we pride ourselves on the quality of our products, emphasizing the nutritional content and health benefits they offer. Virtually all our foods stand out as being low in PUFAs or virtually PUFA-free. This nutritional advantage stems from our farming practices: our ruminant animals are 100% grass-fed, while our non-ruminant animals are strictly reared without corn and soy in their diets. This ensures that the products we offer are not just delicious but also nutritionally aligned with holistic health goals.

Examples of Foods that are Virtually PUFA-free:

1. Animal Fats: LARD, TALLOW, BUTTER, and GHEE are primarily made up of saturated and monounsaturated fats, with only trace amounts of PUFAs.

2. Tropical Oils: Coconut oil and palm oil are predominantly saturated fats and contain very low levels of PUFAs.

3. Certain Dairy Products: Full-fat dairy products, especially from grass-fed animals, tend to have higher saturated fat content and lower PUFA levels. At Miller's Bio Farm, our COW DAIRY, RAW COW DAIRY, and RAW BUFFALO DAIRY products are virtually PUFA-free, while our RAW GOAT DAIRY is categorized as low PUFA.

4. Certain Meats: Fatty cuts of beef, lamb, and pork, especially from animals raised on natural diets, will generally have lower PUFA content compared to poultry or grain-fed livestock. In line with this, our 100% GRASS FED BEEF offerings at Miller's Bio Farm are virtually PUFA-free. Additionally, our corn and soy free PASTURED CHICKEN, PASTURED TURKEY, and WOODLAND PORK selections, known for their superior quality, are all low in PUFAs.

5. Eggs: Another essential mention is eggs. The CORN & SOY FREE EGGS at Miller's Bio Farm are meticulously sourced and are considered low PUFA, making them an excellent choice for those keen on monitoring their PUFA intake.

A Word of Caution:

While there's merit in being cautious about excessive PUFA consumption, it's also essential not to swing to the other extreme and completely eliminate all sources of PUFAs from your diet. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are types of PUFAs, are essential for the body, meaning we need to get them from our diet because our body cannot produce them on its own. The key is achieving a balance and avoiding sources of oxidized or processed PUFAs.

The Bottom Line:

In the ever-evolving landscape of nutrition, it's crucial to navigate our choices with information that prioritizes our well-being. Aiming for PUFA-free or low-PUFA foods isn't merely a trend; it's a conscious decision to prioritize the quality and integrity of the fats we introduce into our bodies. By doing so, we move closer to a dietary approach that aligns with nature – favoring fats that are less processed, less prone to oxidation, and thereby more stable and beneficial for our health.

Such an approach underscores our belief at Miller's Bio Farm: that food, in its most natural state, is often the best. While PUFAs have their place and role in nutrition, it's important to strike a balance. Overconsumption, especially of oxidized or excessively processed PUFAs, can pave the way for health concerns. By being aware and making informed choices, we can relish the myriad benefits of healthy fats without the pitfalls of excessive PUFA intake.

In conclusion, our journey through understanding PUFAs reminds us of the importance of ongoing education, reflection, and making choices that resonate with holistic health. As always, we remain committed to delivering the best to our community and continuing the conversation on vital health topics.

References:

Sugar. What's the big deal anyways? Does refined vs natural matter?

I’m pretty new to this “health conscious” world, and honestly… it can be so overwhelming! Do you ever feel like that? There’s SO much information, so many rabbit holes to fall into, and it can feel like you need a degree just to grocery shop. For me, it started with sugar. I know, I know, we ALL know that sugar is bad. But when you grow up in an environment where health isn’t really talked about (like me), no one actually explains why it’s bad. They just say “Don’t eat too much sugar.” But what does too much even mean? And why is it bad? What happens if I eat too much? So there I was, just trying to make some churros (because, priorities — yum!), when I thought: “I don’t want to use bad sugar..but how do I know which sugars are good and which are bad?” And down the rabbit hole I went. Now, I’m here to save you some time and break it down the easy way - as simply as I can. What’s wrong with refined sugars? Why should we stay away? Alright, let’s get into it. What’s the big deal with sugar? Why do people tell us to stay away from it? Turns out, there's quite a few reasons… and I was today years old when I learned some of them. Contributes to weight gain and obesity: (Duh! I knew this one at least!) Excess sugar gets stored as fat. Simple as that. Increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions: Messes with insulin, spikes blood sugar, and leads to long term issues. No nutritional value: Empty calories, zero benefits. Just makes things sweet. Highly processed: Highly processed sugars like high fructose corn syrup typically contain a higher % of fructose. If consumed in large amounts can lead to higher triglycerides, diabetes, fatty liver disease, heart disease, etc. Addictive: Your brain craves more, leading to overconsumption. Steals nutrients from your body: Especially B vitamins, which are crucial for brain and nervous health system. Blood sugar roller coaster: The spike and crash cycle leaves you tired, cranky, and reaching for more sugar. Knowing this doesn’t make that chocolate glazed donut any less tempting, but once you really understand what sugar does to your body, it’s easier to make better choices. Why is it important to be mindful of how much sugar you are consuming? The average American consumes 17 teaspoons (71 grams or 0.16 pounds) of added sugar per day (honestly, I believe it’s likely more than this) Here is a quick chart of the recommended sugar intake: Here’s a chart of common foods and the grams of sugar: So yeah, we’re eating waaaaay more than we should. And it’s not just about weight, sugar affects your brain, mood, energy, and overall health. Too much sugar can lead to: Brain fog, forgetfulness, mental dullnessIncreased anxiety, panic attacks, and mood swingsChronic fatigue, muscle weakness, and even heart palpitations I’ll be honest. I’ve felt some of these symptoms myself. I never really watched my sugar intake…until now. I didn’t think it was THAT big of a deal. But the more I learned, the more I realized how much sugar was affecting me. Is natural sugar any better? The short answer — yes! Here’s why: Refined Sugars: Refined sugars/processed sugars (like white sugar and high fructose corn syrup) are stripped of everything beneficial. They are digested quickly by the body, causing spikes in blood sugar followed by crashes. This also leads to hunger, irritability, and cravings. Have you ever eaten a donut and still felt hungry? Natural Sugars: Natural sugars (like those in fruit, honey, maple syrup) come with fiber, vitamins, and minerals that your body actually needs. So it’s digested slower. This keeps the blood sugar stable, reducing cravings. Plus they come with essential nutrients that refined sugar lacks. For example: An apple has natural sugar, but also fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. A donut has added sugar, no nutrients, and leads to sugar crashes. So yes, natural sugars are the better option, but moderation is still key. Even natural sugar is overconsumed, it can contribute to weight gain and metabolic issues. Refined Sugars to Avoid Okay, so we know refined sugar isn’t great. But what should we actually avoid? Here’s a quick list: ❌ White sugar (refined sugar) - the most processed form w/ 0 nutrients ❌ High Fructose Corn Syrup - common in sodas and processed foods ❌ Sucrose, Dextrose, & Fructose (found in a lot of processed foods) - sneaky names for refined sugar in packaged foods ❌ Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose) - synthetic sugars, probably so much worse for than sugar Better Alternatives: Natural Sweeteners You Can Use Giving up sugar completely is tough (trust me, I’m working on it too!). But the good news is, there are better options that don’t come with the same downsides as refined sugars. ✅ Pure Maple Syrup: rich in minerals, great for baking ✅ Raw, unfiltered honey: full of enzymes and antioxidants ✅ Molasses: iron rich and nutrient dense ✅ Maple sugar, sucanat, coconut, palm, or date sugar: less processed and better for you ✅ **Piloncillo or Mexican Brown Sugar: raw, unrefined cane sugar. Also known as Mexican brown sugar. ✅ Applesauce & Mashed Bananas: great for baking swaps ✅ Raisins & Dates: natural sweetness with fiber and nutrients **Side Note: I grew up with this!! I didn’t know that this entire time my family has been using a better version of sugar all long!! It was really cool to learn this. Final Thoughts: Be Smart About Sugar Look, I’m not saying you need to swear off sugar forever (I mean..churros exist). But being mindful of sugar intake and choosing better alternatives can make a huge difference in your health. A few key takeaways: Sugar is addictive and offers zero nutrients. Too much sugar affects your weight, brain, mood, and energy levels.Natural sugars are better, but should be consumed in moderation.Avoid refined sugars and opt for natural sweeteners when possible. And honestly, give yourself grace. Changing habits takes time. I’m still figuring it out myself, but the goal isn’t perfection. It’s making small, healthier choices every day. So, what are your thoughts? Are you trying to cut back on sugar too? What are your favorite alternatives? Do you have any recommendations? ----- References https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/health/family-health/children-and-sugar-how-bad-it https://www.westonaprice.org/... https://thinkvida.com/blog/why-you-should-avoid-refined-sugars/ https://kaynutrition.com/what-is-the-healthiest-sugar/ https://nutrition.ucdavis.edu/outreach/nutr-health-info-sheets/consumer-addedsugars https://www.hartfordhospital.org/about-hh/news-center/news-detail?articleId=27851&publicid=461 https://thegreatbritishporridgeco.co.uk/blogs/news/natural-sugars-vs-added-sugars... https://veggiesandvirtue.com/blog/how-much-sugar-can-kids-have https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/how-does-sugar-in-our-diet-affect-our-health/

Our bone broth tested A+++ for heavy metals 🥳 NATURAL AND CLEAN

*Originally published on 3/14/25. Updated on 4/15/25. Over the past few months a bunch of people asked us if we tested our bone broth for toxic heavy metals. When we get the same question a lot, we of course look into it. My first question was --- Is there an issue with toxic metals in bone broth? As it turns out, yes, there "can" be an issue! Heavy metals are naturally present in our environment. We need the "good" heavy metals to thrive: iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, etc. But, we can 100% do without the toxic heavy metals: arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, etc. Too many toxic heavy metals can lead to a host of pretty awful issues: nervous system damage, cardiovascular issues, cancer, endocrine disruption, kidney damage, and so on. Our body is designed to excrete heavy metals through urine (and a little bit through sweat, hair, and breastmilk too)... but only so much. There's a limit. If you're overloaded, your body will store those heavy metals in your bones, blood, tissues, and organs. Similarly, if an animal is exposed to heavy metals via food, water, air, dust, or soil, those heavy metals accumulate in the body. Depending on the metal, it can accumulate in the bones, muscle, skin, brain, etc. Maybe the farm's soil or air is contaminated from a nearby factory. Maybe the pipes for the water has lead solder connecting them. Maybe the feed a farm is buying was grown on contaminated soil or processed on contaminated equipment. And, of course, a main purpose of bone broth is drawing out as much as possible from the bones. If there are heavy metals in bones, they will make their way into the broth. This is especially true when you use apple cider vinegar to draw everything out and make it thick and gelatinous and nutrient rich (like our broth). And that led me to my second question --- Should I be concerned about every bone broth? Where is the fear coming from? Well... it seems it might be a little political. There was a study done in the UK in 2013 that scared a lot of people. It's titled "The Risk of Lead Contamination in Bone Broth Diets". This study found high levels of lead in organic chicken bone broth, which is quite concerning. And, in fact, this one study is still cited in articles written today! Let's dig a little deeper. Let's go farther than the short abstract. Here are the broths tested in the study and their test results for lead: (9.5 parts per billion): Broth made from tap water plus skin and cartilage(7.01 parts per billion): Broth made from tap water plus bones(2.3 parts per billion): Broth made from tap water plus meat(0.89 parts per billion): Tap water alone cooked for the same amount of time as a control. But, they only used organic chicken from one farm. And, there's zero information about that farm, their practices, the feed, and the broth recipe. Did they use vinegar or wine in the broth? Was the chicken's water contaminated with lead? What was the quality of the feed and the soil? Were the chickens raised indoors or outdoors? So many unanswered questions! All we get is that it was one "organic chicken" that created a lead issue with broth. Another curious thing is that the broth with skin and cartilage contained more lead than the broth made with just bones. Bones are where lead is stored, so why wouldn't the broth made with bones only contain more lead? It's an odd result. Moreover, the abstract of the study specifically called out "bone broth diets" like GAPS and paleo. They even go so far as to write, "In view of the dangers of lead consumption to the human body, we recommend that doctors and nutritionists take the risk of lead contamination into consideration when advising patients about bone broth diets." That's quite curious. Why are they worried about these diets? Are the researchers anti healing through food? Who funded the research? Is it political? My opinion? This study is not comprehensive. It does not speak to all bone broths. But it does cover a potential issue if the water or animals are overloaded with heavy metals. And, as we know, our poor planet is becoming more and more contaminated with toxins like these toxic heavy metals 😢 What I glean from this study is that we need more research. We need to stay vigilant and test from time to time. We don't need fear to spread and people to stop drinking broth from this one study. Regardless of whether the fear was fabricated or legit, we tested our bone broth anyway. After all, it's always nice to validate that your food choices are as clean as you think. For Miller's, here were my concerns before testing: What if there's mercury in the fishmeal in our chicken feed?What if the soil that our animals live on is contaminated?What is the well water that the broth is made with is contaminated?What if the Celtic sea salt has lots of heavy metals? We actually tested twice. As it turns out, the first test results from March had a LOQ (limit of quantification) that was to high. So, we sent new products in April for testing at a lower LOQ. The results are in! Our bone broth tested A+++ for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. You can find the actual Eurofins test results right here! For easy reference, here's a chart summarizing the results: You'll notice that, for every sample, the results are "<2.0 μg/kg" and "<4.0 μg/kg". The "<" indicates the limit of quantification (LOQ), the lowest concentration that can be accurately tested using the test procedure in that sample type. So if a "<" result appears, it means that none of that metal was found in the sample above the specific reporting LOQ. Whether or not they were present below this LOQ is information that's not provided by the test. It's also important to note that a μg/kg is a part per billion (ppb). So, for 1 μg/kg, in every billion grams of that food, there would be one gram (or 0.0000001%) of that particular heavy metal. The small numbers matter when it comes to toxic heavy metals, since it doesn't take all that much for your body to become inundated and start experiencing issues or damage. These results are excellent. It means the broth definitely isn't overloaded with toxic heavy metals and are within safe levels. Our amazing customers mentioned Mike Adams to me numerous times after we released the first set of broth results. Mike Adams is an outspoken consumer health advocate, investigative journalist, activist, and science lab director. It turns out Eurofins, the lab we used, is a lab that he recommends. Moreover, our results land us in his highest rating when it comes to heavy metals! I think we're doing pretty great when it comes to providing clean, natural food. But, one result did make me pause. You might be thinking what I first thought -- "But wait, you got a reading above 4.0 μg/kg for arsenic. Isn't that bad?" Let's dive in -- What's up with arsenic? First off, it's important to note that there are organic forms of arsenic as well as inorganic forms. Our body can handle the organic kind pretty well. But, the inorganic kind is carcinogenic. Our test results show the level of all arsenic, and it doesn't divide inorganic and organic. Second, as you can see from the Health Ranger rating above, your body can tolerate way more arsenic than the other three toxic heavy metals. It can handle 6x more than cadmium, 25x more than lead, and 103x more than mercury. Third, it was a mystery to me how arsenic had a reading in the ground beef but not the beef bone broth. Thankfully, that has a pretty easy explanation. Whereas lead mainly accumulates in the bones, arsenic accumulates more in the organs and muscles. And, of course, meat is muscle. And finally, it was also quite perplexing how arsenic showed in our beef as well as our chicken. You see, our beef and chicken are grown on two separate farms (hours apart) and are processed at two separate processors (also hours apart). They're fed two completely separate diets, too! My only explanation is farmland in general or maybe even our environment in general. Organic arsenic has always been naturally present in the soil and water. It's just there in small amounts. But, levels nowadays are likely higher due to overuse of products laden with inorganic arsenic over time. Starting in the 1940s, conventional farmers would include drugs filled with inorganic arsenic in the feed for pigs and chickens and turkeys to encourage fast growth and prevent disease. Ugh. This actually led to concerns about arsenic poisoning, and that that practice was banned recently, in 2016. It makes me think that all the agri-waste has contaminated our farmland a bit, perhaps in both the soil and water. And then of course there are synthetic pesticides and herbicides and fertilizers that may contain inorganic arsenic. And their use on conventional farms might runoff everywhere else. Since our meats are grown on farms that have been naturally managed for some time, I think that's why our arsenic levels were so low, especially compared to conventional meat. Now, let's compare our results to food in general. Ours are extremely low. The data below is based on a few scientific studies: Arsenic: Rice contains anywhere from 90-450 ppb (that includes that rice cereal for babies, too). Meat and poultry in general typically contain 100-200 ppb. The max ours has is 6.8 ppb.Cadmium: Spinach contains 117-222 ppb. Rice contains 6-19 ppb. Meat and poultry in general contain about 10 ppb. Our has less than 2 ppb.Lead: Meat and poultry in general contain about 25 ppb. Our has less than 4 ppb.Mercury: The larger the fish, the more time it has to accumulate mercury. Swordfish and king mackerel can have about 1,000 ppb. Meat and poultry in general contain about 10-50 ppb. Ours has less than 2ppb. Wow! Putting that into perspective, it looks like our broth and meat are quite clean and extremely low in toxic heavy metals! Are you satisfied with our heavy metal results? Do you think we should take further action? Should we test other products? Do you worry about toxic metals (or other junk) in your food? Where have your fears stemmed from? I'd love to hear from you. You can comment below (no account required) or contact us 😊 ----- Sources The risk of lead contamination in bone broth dietsBone Broth and Lead Toxicity: Should You Be Concerned?Bone Broth and Lead Contamination: A Very Flawed Study in Medical HypothesesBone Broth, Collagen, and Toxic Metals: A Research ReviewInorganic arsenic toxicosis in a beef herd Consumer Wellness Center Labs Heavy Metal RatingsArsenic in Meat and Animal ProductsInorganic arsenic toxicosis in a beef herdArsenic in brown rice: do the benefits outweigh the risks?A Survey of the Levels of Selected Metals in U.S. Meat, Poultry, and Siluriformes Fish Samples Taken at Slaughter and Retail, 2017–2022Arsenic in your foodDietary exposure to cadmium from six common foods in the United StatesMercury Content in Commercially Available Finfish in the United States Author links open overlay panel

Raw milk or fermented dairy and lactose intolerance. Why might it help?

I was misinformed. At some point, I read that raw milk contains lactase. As it turns out, this is not true! It is true that raw milk contains many live enzymes that are inactivated during pasteurization. But, what about lactase? I’ve heard many anecdotal stories from people who are lactose intolerant... but can handle raw milk or fermented dairy. If raw milk, yogurt, kefir, or cheese doesn’t contain lactase, then why is that?